Why were space telescopes invented?

The answer is very simple: ANY telescope on earth, under the best possible circumstances, is looking through earth's atmosphere. Imagine trying to see the fine detail in anything looking up at it from the bottom of a swimming pool. That's an earthbound telescope. The Hubble does not have any atmosphere affecting it's view - which gives it 20/20 or better vision. Earthbound telescopes? 20/40 on their very best nights, usually more like 20/60.