What are the differences between Raman scattering and Rayleigh scattering?

Raman scattering and Rayleigh scattering are both types of light scattering, but they differ in how they interact with molecules. Rayleigh scattering occurs when light interacts with particles smaller than the wavelength of light, causing the light to scatter in all directions. Raman scattering, on the other hand, involves a change in the energy of the scattered light due to interactions with molecular vibrations. This results in a shift in the wavelength of the scattered light, providing information about the molecular structure of the material.