There were no antibiotics, immunizations, or vaccines. Sanitation, cleanliness, and sterilization were not well known or practiced. Sheer numbers of sick soldiers overwhelmed the medical corps. It is estimated that 5 soldiers died from sickness for every 1 death from combat. Those combat deaths included wounds that were minor in todays standards, but deadly in 1864. Ironically the country boys got sick and died far more often than city boys. The city boys had developed immunization from most sicknesses because of the closeness of city living.
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