How did ancient farmers in the tropical lowlands of Mesoamerica cope with poor soils and thick forests?

Ancient farmers in the tropical lowlands of Mesoamerica employed several innovative techniques to manage poor soils and dense forests. They practiced slash-and-burn agriculture, clearing small plots of land by cutting and burning vegetation, which temporarily enriched the soil with nutrients. Additionally, they utilized raised field systems and terracing to improve drainage and soil fertility, while also engaging in crop rotation and intercropping to enhance agricultural productivity. These methods allowed them to sustainably cultivate staple crops like maize, beans, and squash in challenging environments.