I'm not a specialist in this topic. However, I understand that the kulaks were the individuals who benefited from Lenin's New Economic Policy, during the mid-1920s. They were able to create farms with multiple machinery and animals (yes, I know...sinful...), and were regarded as better-off than the majority of the Russian peasantry (numbering about 82% at the time and suffering poverty and famine on a regular basis).
Stalin regarded this population as contrary to the communist ideal of egalitarianism and economic commonality. He therefore ordered their liquidation, so as to appease those of the peasantry who were jealous, display his unadulterated devotion towards communism, and implement his first Five Years Plan, which represented virtually complete state control over the Russian economy.
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