Who gave each state an equal vote in the upper house of the legislature while granting to the lower house representation based on population?

The United States Constitution established this system through the Great Compromise (or Connecticut Compromise) during the Constitutional Convention of 1787. This compromise created a bicameral legislature with an upper house, the Senate, granting each state two equal votes, and a lower house, the House of Representatives, where representation is based on population. This balance aimed to satisfy both smaller and larger states regarding legislative representation.