What are some problems historians have determining whether a society is a civilization?

Historians face challenges in defining civilization due to the subjective nature of the criteria used, such as urbanization, social stratification, and organized governance. Different cultures may exhibit these traits in varying degrees or forms, complicating comparisons. Additionally, the reliance on archaeological evidence can lead to misinterpretations, as material remains may not fully capture a society's complexities. Lastly, biases in historical perspectives can affect the categorization of certain societies as "civilized" or "primitive."