Where should governments powers to rule come from article James Madison?

In James Madison's "The Federalist Papers," specifically Federalist No. 51, he argues that governmental powers should be derived from the consent of the governed. Madison emphasizes the importance of a system of checks and balances to prevent any one branch of government from becoming too powerful. He also asserts that a separation of powers among the branches of government is essential to safeguard individual liberties and prevent tyranny. Ultimately, Madison advocates for a system of government where the authority to rule is granted by the people and limited by a well-designed system of institutional controls.