How do you avoid memory effect?

To avoid memory effect in rechargeable batteries, particularly nickel-cadmium (NiCd) types, it's essential to fully discharge the battery before recharging it. Regularly cycling the battery through full charge and discharge cycles can help maintain its capacity. Additionally, using smart chargers that prevent overcharging and allowing for periodic deep discharges can further mitigate memory effect. For lithium-ion batteries, this is less of a concern, but maintaining a charge level between 20-80% can optimize longevity.