What of the totalitarian dictators was not fascist?

One notable totalitarian dictator who was not fascist is Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union. Stalin's regime was based on Marxist-Leninist ideology, which focused on state control of the economy and the elimination of private property, contrasting with the nationalist and militaristic elements of fascism. While both fascism and Stalinism are authoritarian, Stalin's governance was rooted in communism rather than the fascist principles that prioritize national identity and often promote racial superiority.