Byzantine artists primarily used mosaics, frescoes, and iconography to convey religious themes and narratives. Mosaics, made from small pieces of colored glass, stone, or ceramic, adorned churches and public spaces, showcasing intricate designs and vibrant colors. Icons, which are religious images depicting Christ, the Virgin Mary, and saints, were created using tempera on wood and were meant for veneration. Overall, Byzantine art emphasized spiritual symbolism and the divine rather than naturalistic representation.
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