What European nation profited most from the trade?

The European nation that profited most from trade during the Age of Exploration was Spain. With its vast colonies in the Americas, Spain gained immense wealth through the extraction of precious metals like gold and silver, as well as the establishment of lucrative trade routes. The Spanish crown utilized this wealth to finance wars, expand its influence in Europe, and support the arts and culture during the Spanish Golden Age. Additionally, Spain's dominance in trade contributed significantly to its status as a leading European power during the 16th and 17th centuries.