Why did the west have a surplus of cattle?

The West had a surplus of cattle primarily due to the expansion of cattle ranching in the late 19th century, fueled by the demand for beef in growing urban areas and the development of railroads that facilitated transportation. The vast open lands of the West allowed for extensive grazing, enabling ranchers to raise large herds. Additionally, the decline of the buffalo population and the availability of land through policies like the Homestead Act contributed to the rise in cattle production. This surplus ultimately led to fluctuations in market prices and changes in ranching practices.