Reindeer, both wild and domestic are found across much of northern Russia. Major domestic herds (listed from west to east) include:
- Taimyr
- Lena-Olenek
- Yana-Indigirka
- Sudrunskaya
- Chukotka
Smaller herds are found on the Kola peninsula, the island Novaya Zemlya, and the Kamchatka peninsula.
Wild reindeer generally live in Russia's boreal forest, but also overlap with domestic herds that reside on the tundra.
Reindeer do not live as far south as major cities such as Moscow. Generally, they live in undisturbed forest. In eastern Russia, they live almost as far south as the Russia-Mongolia border. They live all the way to the edge of the Arctic Ocean.
During the last ice age, the ancestors of reindeer crossed the Bering land bridge and evolved into North American caribou.
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