Is the ability to manage finances based on informed decisions called financial intelligence?

Overall, that basically covers it. There are four parts to financial intelligence.

Understanding the foundation: Basic understanding of things like cash flow, income statements, and balance sheets.

Understanding the art: Knowing that applying the same numbers in different ways can cause different outcomes.

Understanding analysis: Being able to understand not only the numbers, but what they mean and how they work. This would include things like being able to calculate profit.

Understanding the big picture: Having an understanding of how your results fit into other areas, like the national economy, and how they compare to others in the same situation, like a company's competitors.