How did science and technology might have worked together to lead to invent refrigerators?

Science and technology collaborated to lead to the invention of refrigerators by applying principles of thermodynamics to create efficient cooling systems. Early experiments in heat transfer and the discovery of refrigerants, such as ammonia and later, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), enabled the development of mechanical refrigeration. Technological advancements in materials and engineering allowed for the construction of insulated cabinets that maintained low temperatures. Together, these scientific principles and technological innovations transformed food preservation and household convenience.