How does emphysema kill you?

Emphysema, a form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), gradually damages the alveoli (air sacs) in the lungs, leading to reduced oxygen exchange and difficulty breathing. As the disease progresses, the lungs lose elasticity, resulting in trapped air and a decreased ability to expel carbon dioxide. This can lead to respiratory failure, where the body cannot get enough oxygen or remove carbon dioxide effectively. Ultimately, severe emphysema can result in complications such as heart failure and increased susceptibility to infections, contributing to a decreased quality of life and premature death.