A hydrogen bond is a weak attraction between a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom (like oxygen) and another electronegative atom, while a covalent bond is a strong bond formed when two atoms share electrons. In water (H₂O), the oxygen atom forms covalent bonds with two hydrogen atoms by sharing electrons. The hydrogen bonds occur between water molecules, allowing them to attract each other.
Below is a simple representation of the structure of water molecules, labeling the bonds:
<code> O/ \ H H | | (Hydrogen bond) H---O---H
</code>
In this diagram, the lines connecting H and O represent covalent bonds, while the dashed lines between different water molecules represent hydrogen bonds.
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