Marbury v. Madison (1803) established the principle of judicial review, allowing the Supreme Court to invalidate laws that conflict with the Constitution, which significantly strengthened the judiciary's role in American government. A major pro is that it provided a check on legislative and executive powers, ensuring that no branch of government could exceed its constitutional authority. However, a con is that it can lead to judicial overreach, where courts may impose their interpretations of the Constitution over the will of elected representatives, potentially undermining democratic processes.
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