How do the modern pope and medieval pope differ?

Modern popes tend to operate in a more globalized context, emphasizing dialogue and engagement with various cultures and faiths, as well as addressing contemporary social issues like climate change and social justice. In contrast, medieval popes often wielded significant temporal power and engaged in political maneuvering within Europe, frequently influencing or directly participating in the affairs of states. Additionally, the authority of the medieval pope was often challenged by local monarchs and emerging nation-states, while modern popes generally emphasize moral and spiritual leadership over political dominance.