Gavrilo Princip wanted to kill Archduke Franz Ferdinand because he was a member of a nationalist group called the Black Hand, which sought to promote the independence of South Slavic peoples from Austro-Hungarian rule. The archduke represented the oppressive Austro-Hungarian Empire that was viewed as a threat to Slavic nationalism. By assassinating him, Princip hoped to ignite a movement for liberation and spark a broader struggle against imperial domination. This act ultimately contributed to the outbreak of World War I.
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