How Britain forced china to accept the treaty of Nanjing?

Britain forced China to accept the Treaty of Nanjing in 1842 following the First Opium War, which erupted over trade disputes and China's efforts to restrict opium imports. The British military, equipped with superior weaponry and naval power, defeated Chinese forces, leading to a series of humiliating defeats for China. Under pressure, the Qing government was compelled to sign the treaty, which ceded Hong Kong to Britain, opened several ports to British trade, and established a framework for extraterritorial rights for British citizens in China. This marked a significant shift in China's sovereignty and the beginning of what is often referred to as the "Century of Humiliation."