What agents cause blistering?

Blistering can be caused by various agents, including mechanical friction, thermal burns, chemical irritants, and certain medical conditions. Common external agents include hot surfaces, chemicals like acids or alkalis, and prolonged rubbing against the skin. Additionally, skin disorders such as pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid can lead to blister formation due to autoimmune reactions. Infections, such as those caused by the herpes simplex virus, can also result in blisters.