How are contributions to text sheltered annuity treated with regards to taxation?

Contributions to a tax-sheltered annuity (TSA) are typically made on a pre-tax basis, meaning they are deducted from your taxable income in the year they are made, reducing your current tax liability. The funds in the annuity grow tax-deferred until withdrawals are made, usually during retirement. When you eventually withdraw funds, they are taxed as ordinary income. Additionally, if withdrawals are made before age 59½, they may be subject to an additional 10% early withdrawal penalty.