How etiological hazards harm the body?

Etiological hazards, which include biological, chemical, and physical agents, can harm the body by disrupting normal physiological processes. For instance, pathogens like bacteria and viruses can cause infections, leading to inflammation and tissue damage. Chemical hazards such as toxins can interfere with cellular functions and metabolic processes, potentially resulting in chronic diseases or acute poisoning. Physical hazards, like radiation or extreme temperatures, can cause direct injury to tissues and organs, leading to further health complications.