How far down does frost go and what determines how far down it goes?

Frost typically penetrates the soil to a depth of about 1 to 4 inches, but this can vary significantly based on several factors. The primary determinants include soil type, moisture content, air temperature, and wind conditions. For example, sandy soils may allow frost to penetrate deeper than clay soils, which retain heat more effectively. Additionally, warmer and wetter conditions can reduce the frost depth, while colder and drier conditions can increase it.