What is hostile architecture?

Hostile architecture, also known as defensive architecture, is a design strategy that aims to restrict certain behaviors in public spaces. The most well-known example is installing pointy studs, dubbed “anti-homeless spikes,” on benches and Windowsills to make sleeping or loitering on them uncomfortable. Other methods look to deter Skateboarding, littering, and public urination.

Proponents say that these architectural obstacles are necessary to prevent crime and maintain order in urban areas. However, critics argue that they target vulnerable populations and create a public safety concern for all members of society, especially children, seniors, and people with disabilities.