What disease was introduced to control rabbits in the 1950's?

Myxomatosis (sometimes shortened to "myxi" or "myxo") is a disease which affects rabbits. It is caused by the Myxoma virus. First observed in Uruguay in the late 1800s. It was introduced illegally to Egypt in 1842 and as a result spread to the rest of Africa. It was deliberately introduced into Australia in 1950 in an attempt to control rabbit infestation and population there; see rabbits in Australia. It was also deliberately introduced in the UK to try and reduce the rabbit population after World War II.