When the cottage industry was replaced by mills during the Industrial Revolution, production shifted from small-scale, home-based craftwork to large-scale manufacturing in centralized locations. This transition led to increased efficiency and output, as mills could utilize machinery and employ a larger workforce. However, it also resulted in harsh working conditions, with long hours and low wages, as well as the decline of traditional artisanal skills. The rise of mills contributed to urbanization, as many workers moved from rural areas to cities in search of jobs.
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