Can you get your dog back after giving it up for adoption?

That depends on the policies of the shelter and whether or not the dog has already been adopted, rescued, or euthanized. In many cases, if the dog was not confiscated for neglect or other issues, you should be able to, at the very least, adopt the dog. However, it all depends on the policies of the shelter. Calling them or going down to talk to them would be the best place to start.