How do changes in a map orientation affect landmasses on the map?

Changes in map orientation, such as rotating or flipping the map, do not alter the actual position or shape of landmasses on the map. The relative positions of the landmasses to each other remain the same regardless of the orientation of the map. However, changing the orientation can affect the perception of distances and directions between the landmasses, potentially leading to confusion if not carefully considered. Ultimately, the actual geography of the landmasses depicted on the map does not change with alterations in orientation.