How do Drugs contribute to mental retardation?

Drugs can contribute to mental retardation, particularly when used during critical periods of brain development, such as during pregnancy or early childhood. Substances like alcohol, certain prescription medications, and illicit drugs can interfere with normal brain growth and function, leading to cognitive impairments. Additionally, drug abuse can result in nutritional deficiencies and environmental factors that further hinder cognitive development. Overall, exposure to harmful substances can have lasting effects on an individual's intellectual abilities.