What are some of the similarities between the Hausa city-states and other city-states you have read about?

The Hausa city-states, like other historical city-states such as those in ancient Greece or the Italian city-states, were characterized by their autonomy and distinct political structures, often featuring a centralized leadership or ruling elite. They engaged in trade, which facilitated economic growth and cultural exchange, similar to other city-states that thrived on commerce. Additionally, the Hausa city-states, like their counterparts, developed unique cultural identities and social hierarchies, influenced by both local customs and external interactions. Furthermore, they often faced external pressures from larger empires or rival city-states, shaping their political and military strategies.