How would you know if a number is a perfect square by just looking at the exponents in its prime factor?

A number is a perfect square if all the exponents in its prime factorization are even. For example, if a number can be expressed as ( p_1^{e_1} \times p_2^{e_2} \times \ldots \times p_n^{e_n} ), where ( p_i ) are prime factors and ( e_i ) their respective exponents, then it is a perfect square if ( e_1, e_2, \ldots, e_n ) are all even numbers. If any exponent is odd, the number is not a perfect square.