12) How does TCP provide error control?

TCP provides error control through the use of checksums, acknowledgments, and retransmission mechanisms. Each TCP segment includes a checksum that verifies the integrity of the segment's data. When a sender transmits data, the receiver sends back an acknowledgment (ACK) for successfully received segments; if an ACK is not received within a specified timeout, the sender retransmits the segment. This combination ensures that lost or corrupted segments are detected and corrected, maintaining reliable data transmission.