When can pre incorporation contracts be treated as valid?

Pre-incorporation contracts can be treated as valid when the company, once incorporated, adopts the contracts through a formal resolution or by ratification. Additionally, if the company’s articles of association permit it, these contracts may also be enforced. However, the individuals who entered into the contracts on behalf of the company may remain personally liable until the company adopts the contract. Ultimately, the specific legal framework governing the jurisdiction in question will also dictate the validity and enforceability of such contracts.