How were the governments laissez faire policies challenged in the late 1800s?

In the late 1800s, laissez-faire policies were increasingly challenged by labor movements and social reformers who argued that unregulated capitalism led to worker exploitation, unsafe working conditions, and economic inequality. Strikes and protests, such as the Haymarket Affair and the Pullman Strike, highlighted the need for government intervention to protect workers' rights. Additionally, the rise of muckraking journalism exposed corporate malpractices and corruption, prompting calls for regulatory reforms. This growing awareness ultimately laid the groundwork for Progressive Era reforms aimed at addressing the excesses of industrialization.