How the breakdown voltage of a particular diode can be controlled?

The breakdown voltage of a diode, such as a Zener diode, can be controlled by adjusting its doping concentration during the manufacturing process. By increasing the doping concentration, the breakdown voltage decreases, and vice versa. This allows for precise control over the voltage at which the diode begins to conduct in the reverse-biased direction. Additionally, the physical size and structure of the diode can also impact its breakdown voltage characteristics.