How will an intravenous catheter obstructed by blood clots or kinking affect central venous pressure measurement of a dog?

An intravenous catheter obstructed by blood clots or kinking can lead to inaccurate central venous pressure (CVP) measurements in a dog. Such obstructions can cause increased resistance to blood flow, potentially resulting in falsely elevated CVP readings. Conversely, if the obstruction is severe enough, it may prevent accurate pressure transmission, leading to falsely low readings. Therefore, proper catheter function is crucial for reliable CVP assessment.