Are women more cruel than men?

The perception of cruelty in women versus men often hinges on societal norms and cultural expectations. Research suggests that while men may exhibit overt aggression, women can display relational or emotional cruelty, such as manipulation and social exclusion. Ultimately, cruelty is a complex behavior influenced by individual personality, circumstances, and socialization rather than strictly by gender. Thus, it is not accurate to categorically state that one gender is more cruel than the other.