What steps did Egypt take toward modernization?

Egypt took several significant steps toward modernization, particularly during the 19th century under leaders like Muhammad Ali Pasha. He implemented reforms in agriculture, industry, and education, establishing state-owned enterprises and modernizing the military. Additionally, Egypt invested in infrastructure projects, such as the construction of the Suez Canal, which enhanced trade and connectivity. These efforts aimed to transform Egypt into a more self-sufficient and economically competitive nation.