How can a defendant owe a duty to a stranger?

A defendant can owe a duty to a stranger in situations where their actions create a foreseeable risk of harm to others. For instance, if a person engages in inherently dangerous activities or negligent behavior that could impact bystanders, they have a legal obligation to act carefully. Additionally, certain legal doctrines, like those related to premises liability or professional duty, can impose obligations to protect others, even if there is no direct relationship. Ultimately, the key factor is whether a reasonable person would recognize the potential for harm to strangers in their actions.