How is memoization utilized in dynamic programming algorithms?

Memoization is a key technique in dynamic programming that helps speed up algorithms by storing the results of expensive function calls. When a function is called with a particular input, its result is saved (or “memoized”) so that if the same input appears again, the stored result is returned instantly—no need to recompute. This avoids redundant calculations and boosts efficiency, especially in recursive solutions like Fibonacci numbers or pathfinding problems. Think of it as a smart memory trick that helps algorithms remember their past work, saving time and resources while solving complex problems faster and more effectively.