Does state government have sovereign power over national government?

Nope, National government has sovereign power over State government.

Wrong. The Constitution gives Congress very little power over state governments. The Constitution provides a list of powers reserved to Congress (post offices, a navy, foreign treaties, etc) and specifies that all other powers - without limit - are reserved to the states.

So there are few areas for dispute between Congress and states, as long as neither intrudes on the legitimate issues reserved to the other.

States DO have a huge potential power over the feds: States alone can amend the Constitution, and do so without interference by Congress. A Constitutional Convention of states could eliminate the Senate, make the President's term 23 months, or prohibit abortion nationwide. Once STATES vote to do that, feds must obey the revised Constitution without further discussion.