During the Punic Wars, particularly in the Second Punic War (218-201 BC), the Carthaginian general Hannibal famously used war elephants as part of his military strategy. Estimates suggest that Hannibal initially brought around 37 elephants across the Alps into Italy. However, by the end of the campaign, the number had dwindled significantly due to harsh conditions and combat losses. Overall, while elephants were a notable aspect of warfare during this period, their numbers were relatively small compared to the total forces involved.
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