The helpers were: Victor Kugler, Jo Kleiman, Miep Gies, Bep Voskuijl, Jan Gies (husband of Miep), and in the first days in the annex, Johannes Voskuijl, father of Bep. Mention also should be made of van Hoeven, the cooperative greengrocer, and the unnamed butcher who also helped out Miep.
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