What strategy do beluga whales use to maintain their polynya?

Beluga whales maintain their polynya, or open water areas in sea ice, by using a strategy known as "breathing holes." They create and sustain these holes by actively swimming and using their blowholes to surface for air, which helps prevent the ice from closing over. This behavior not only allows them to access air but also provides a crucial feeding ground, as these areas attract fish and other prey. Additionally, their social structure facilitates cooperative behavior, allowing them to effectively manage and maintain these vital habitats.