How many slaves were taken by Europe?

Between the 16th and 19th centuries, an estimated 12.5 million Africans were forcibly transported to the Americas through the transatlantic slave trade. Of these, roughly 10.7 million survived the journey, while the rest perished due to harsh conditions. European nations, including Portugal, Britain, France, and Spain, were heavily involved in this trade, which had profound social and economic impacts on both Africa and the Americas. The legacy of this trade continues to affect societies today.