What are the causes of cloudy swelling in the kidney?

Cloudy swelling in the kidney is primarily caused by cellular injury due to factors such as ischemia, toxins, or infections. This condition leads to cellular edema and the accumulation of water within the cells, resulting in a cloudy appearance. Additionally, metabolic disturbances and inflammation can exacerbate the swelling. Ultimately, these changes reflect a reversible stage of cell injury before potential progression to more severe damage.