Why do dwarf trees live in the tundra?

Dwarf trees thrive in the tundra due to their ability to adapt to harsh conditions, including short growing seasons, low temperatures, and nutrient-poor soils. Their small stature helps them withstand strong winds and prevent water loss, while their thick, waxy leaves minimize moisture evaporation. Additionally, their root systems are shallow, allowing them to access limited nutrients and water near the surface. These adaptations enable dwarf trees to survive and reproduce in the challenging tundra environment.